Whereas indigenous peoples in many parts of the world are described as among the most vulnerable minority group, with the poorest health status; they receive a poorer quality of care than their majority peers. Indigenous peoples struggle to access health services in relation to their needs and face health service disparities when compared to the majority population[1]. These disparities are superimposed on the higher cost and logistics of communications, transportation and rapid changing extreme weather related to delivering timely health care to people living in northern, often remote communities.
One of the major constraints to delivering good quality health care in the North has been the allocation of financial and human resources. Another of particular significance is a problem related to communication and transportation infrastructure that links regional and peripheral facilities with central or national referral centres. In addition, the harsh climatic conditions and the special needs of the Indigenous populations pose significant challenges[2].
In several circumpolar northern countries, health professional shortages and service delivery challenges exist. Many patients live in rural areas, often remote and isolated, thus far away from the health care service providers. Consequently people living in these locations face long journeys and high costs to obtain health care[3]. Pregnant women in Greenland are an example of the challenge of obtaining health care support in the North. They are required to leave their local communities during pregnancy, as a consequence of new policies and guidelines for pregnancy in Greenland[4].
Several health and living condition indicators demonstrate that indigenous peoples living in the far northern countries face increased risks for health problems compared to mainstream national population statistics. Indigenous peoples in the north tend to have higher rates of chronic conditions and disease including but not limited to hypertension, obesity and type 2 diabetes[5].
Discrimination is associated with poorer physical and mental health and health services inequity. It is import to understand the historic context of indigenous peoples’ rapid social and cultural change and how current health conditions are thought to emanate from colonization affecting the present health status of indigenous peoples in the past and present[6]. Too often those issues are not taken into account when designing health interventions.
_________________________________________________________________________________ [1] ((MRG), 2013, p. 188) [2] (Ikaheimo, 2010, p. 414) [3] (Vuori, Kylanen, & Tritter, 2010, p. 513) [4] (R. A. Montgomery-Andersen, Willen, & Borup, 2010, pp. 301-303) [5] (P. M. D. Bjerregaard & Young, 2008, pp. 3-17) [6] (Marrone, 2007, p. 189)